You're describing some sort of electromagnetic attraction, gravity is a separate force. Gravity is the force produced by the distortion of spacetime due to matter. Imagine spacetime as a flat piece of flexible plastic. When a ball is dropped onto the surface the ball creates a depression. If a marble were to be rolled onto the plastic from one of the edges and passed close enough to the depression it would orbit around the depression. If the marble's momentum was great enough it would immediately escape this orbit, if it was too low it would plummet towards the larger ball. The gravitational force exerted by say the Sun on the Earth is very similar (though in three dimensions rather than two). Likewise the Earth exerts a force on the Sun and the Moon, and perhaps most importantly on everything on its surface.

The easy thing is hardly ever the right thing. That's one of the biggest problems with the world in any place at any time, people look for whatever will patch the problem as easily and as quickly as possible. Doing the hard thing requires the willingness to stand up and say we do these things "...not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win, and the others, too." And while John F. Kennedy was talking about going to the Moon that's the mentality that we as responsible members of any society must have towards everything we do.

It doesn't matter what action is taken, you can't please everyone so we must do what is right regardless of the criticism and uproar that comes of it. The right thing, the hard thing, is only rarely supported by the masses of the present but is always appreciated by the public of the future.

P.S. Sorry this came out of the blue, this debate came back into my attention and I felt that I should finish what I meant to say but never had the time or the energy when I first got involved.

I can't speak to policy of any country except for the United States. I don't even know if this is an issue for non-Americans. But more importantly I was rebutting an argument that specifically discussed the issue in regards to the US Constitution, or at least that's how I saw it when I wrote that response. As such I responded to that person's particular point.

Photons are mass-less particles as are gluons. There are four fundamental forces, electromagnetism, gravity, the weak nuclear force which cause quarks to change from one flavor to another allowing for certain nuclear processes to occur, and the strong nuclear force which holds the nucleus of atoms together despite the significant tendency of protons to repel against on another. Each of these forces has one or more "transmitter" or "carrier" particles, photons for the EM, gravitons for gravity, gluons for the strong force (since they "glue" protons and neutrons together) and the vector bosons (W+, W-, and Z) for the weak force.

Forces such as friction are actually a result of one or more of these fundamental forces (in the case of friction its actually a result of the electromagnetic force which causes particles of opposite charges to attract one another causing the particles at the edges of the surface and mass to intermingle and resist movement).

Finally space isn't technically a vacuum, there's actually a very small density of mass throughout the galaxy, but much of it is actually filled with photos and neutrinos and possibly dark matter and energy particles as well, though these are only presumed to exist because of certain observations regarding the expansion of the Universe. As far as I know the Standard Model doesn't account for these particles.

But to answer the initial question Gravitons, almost certainly exist in one form or another. They almost certainly have no mass and since gravity is itself a very, very weak force when compared to the other forces it's unsurprising that it remains the last force particle undiscovered. Yet because it is mass-less this allows gravity to occur at the speed of light (since there is no mass it is able to devote its entire space-time velocity to spatial movement). Which leads to an interesting thought if the Sun were to suddenly disappear completely it would take around eight minutes for anyone on Earth to notice the change, whether it be because of the complete lack of sunshine, or the radical change in the motion of the planet.

So basically what you're really saying is that you're too lazy to read.

The Roman Empire if for no other reason than it was the first empire built not through conquest but through goodwill and a devotion to doing the right thing no matter the cost. See Empires of Trust by Thomas F. Madden for more information on this somewhat radical historical theory and for a generally great read.

He was President for all of a month when he was nominated for the prize. People should be selected for awards for what they do and not what they intend to do or who they are. This just proves that the Nobel peace prize is a joke.

Barack Obama won the 2009 Nobel peace prize....wait that actually happened.

There is evidence of significant amounts of water on Mars. Any expedition to Mars would therefore, have to carry the water necessary for the trip to Mars and whatever time necessary to establish themselves on the planet and have the materials and equipment available (whether sent with the manned mission or ahead via robotic spacecraft) to acquire enough water for a return trip.

No it doesn't. You can still talk about velocities, forces, torques, etc without discussing the mathematical representations of these things. Math is a tool that is used to give a common and concrete basis of comparison.