Are black people less intelligent than whites on average due to their genes?
For the motion
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Against the motion
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I think the effort which a few misguided academics have put into trying to prove otherwise is no more than a waste of time. Throughout history and right up to the present day it has been the white man's inventions and discoveries which has contributed almost exclusively to the welfare and advancement of mankind. Let's look at just a few of these once again. The language in which we're communicating. The computer. The web. The internet. Television. The camera. The telephone. The radio. Radar. Electricity. The light bulb. The laser. The internal combustion engine. The diesel engine. The jet engine. SPACE GOING rockets. Aeroplanes. Helicopters. The automobile. Locomotives. Modern high yield farming methods. State of the art building materials and techniques. Penicillin and almost all life saving and pain relieving drugs. Hygiene appreciation. Aesthetics. Medical operating techniques. The list is endless. When one compares the indisputable facts with the romantic blustering of a few starry eyed idealists it is clear even to a short sighted half wit on a galloping horse that the Bongo is not too well endowed in the brain department. I don't particularly want it to be that way, but that's the way it is. Side: For the motion
You may want to check this list of African Americans in Science: Amos, Harold 1918–2003 Microbiologist First African-American department chair at Harvard Medical School [5] Alcorn, George Edward, Jr. 1940– Physicist, inventor Invented a method of fabricating an imaging X-ray spectrometer [6][7] Andrews, James J. 1930–1998 Mathematician Put forth the Andrews–Curtis conjecture in group theory with Morton L. Curtis, still unsolved [8] Alexander, Archie 1888–1958 Civil engineer Responsible for the construction of many roads and bridges, including the Whitehurst Freeway, the Tidal Basin Bridge, and an extension to the Baltimore-Washington Parkway. Bailey, Leonard C. ?–1918 Inventor Folding bed [9] Ball, Alice Augusta 1892–1916 Chemist Extracted chaulmoogra oil for the treatment of Hansen's disease (leprosy) [10] Banneker, Benjamin 1731–1806 Mathematician, astronomer, surveyor, clockmaker, author, farmer Wooden clock (1753); assisted in survey of the original boundaries of the District of Columbia (1791); authored almanac and ephemeris (1792–1797) [11] Banyaga, Augustin 1947– Mathematician Work on diffeomorphisms and symplectomorphisms [12] Bashen, Janet 1957– Inventor, entrepreneur, professional, consultant First African-American woman to receive a patent for a web-based software invention, LinkLine, an Equal Employment Opportunity case management and tracking software [13] Bath, Patricia 1942– Ophthalmologist First African-American female physician to receive a patent for a medical invention; inventions relate to cataract surgery and include the Laserphaco Probe, which revolutionized the industry in the 1980s, and an ultrasound technique for treatment [14][15][16] Beard, Andrew 1849–1921 Farmer, carpenter, blacksmith, railroad worker, businessman, inventor Janney coupler improvements; invented the car device #594,059 dated November 23, 1897; rotary engine patent #478,271 dated July 5, 1892 [17] Bell, Earl S. 1977– Inventor, entrepreneur, architect, industrial designer Invented chair with sliding skin (2004) and the quantitative display apparatus (2005) [18] [19] [20] Benjamin, Miriam 1861–1947 Inventor, educator Invented "Gong and Signal Chair for Hotels"; second African-American woman to receive a patent [21] Berry, Leonidas 1902–1995 Gastroenterologist Gastroscope pioneer [22] Bharucha-Reid, Albert T. 1927–1985 Mathematician, statistician Probability theory and Markov chain theorist [23] Black, Keith 1957– Neurosurgeon Brain tumor surgery and research [24][25] Blackwell, David 1919–2010 Mathematician, statistician First proposed the Blackwell channel model used in coding theory and information theory; one of the eponyms of the Rao–Blackwell theorem, which is a process that significantly improves crude statistical estimators [26] Blair, Henry 1807–1860 Inventor Second black inventor to issue a patent; invented seed planter and cotton planter. [27] [28] Boahen, Kwabena 1964– Bioengineer Silicon retina able to process images in the same manner as a living retina [29][30] Boone, Sarah 1832–1905 Inventor Ironing board allowing sleeves of women's garments to be ironed more easily [31][32][33] Bouchet, Edward 1852–1918 Physicist First African-American to receive a Ph.D. in any subject; received physics doctorate from Yale University in 1876 Bowman, James 1923–2011 Physician Pathologist and geneticist; Professor Emeritus Pritzker School of Medicine; first tenured African-American professor at the University of Chicago Division of Biological Sciences [34][35] Boykin, Otis 1920–1982 Inventor, engineer Artificial heart pacemaker control unit [36][37][38] Brady, St. Elmo 1884–1966 Chemist Published three scholarly abstracts in Science; collaborated on a paper published in the Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry [39] Branson, Herman 1914–1995 Physicist, educator Protein structure research [40][41] Brooks, Charles 1865– ? Inventor[citation needed] Street sweeper truck and a type of paper punch[citation needed] Brooks, Phil 19xx– Inventor[citation needed] First US patent for a disposable syringe[citation needed] Henry Brown 1832– ? Inventor Invented fire safe [42] Brown, Oscar E. 18xx– ? Inventor Received a patent for an improved horseshoe[43] Burr, John Albert 18xx– ? Inventor Rotary-blade lawn mower patent [44] Cannon, Thomas C. 1943- Inventor Led a group of engineers who developed the Tactical Optical Fiber Connector (TOFC), the first fiber optic connector deployed under battlefield conditions, and the ST Connector that helped make fiber optic communications affordable. Cardozo, P. William 1905–1962 Pediatrician Sickle cell anemia studies; in October 1937 he published "Immunologic Studies in Sickle Cell Anemia" in the Archives of Internal Medicine; many of the findings are still valid today Carson, Ben 1951– Pediatric neurosurgeon Pediatric neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins University; first surgeon to successfully separate craniopagus twins [45] Carver, George Washington 1865–1943 Botanical researcher Discovered hundreds of uses for previously useless vegetables and fruits, principally the peanut [46][47][48][49] Charles W. Chappelle 1872–1941 Electrician, construction, international businessman, and aviation pioneer Designed long-distance flight airplane; the only African-American to invent and display the airplane at the 1911 First Industrial Air Show held in conjunction with the Auto Show at Grand Central Palace in Manhattan in New York City; president of the African Union Company, Inc. [50][51][52] Chappelle, Emmett 1925– Scientist and researcher Valuable contributions to several fields: medicine, biology, food science, and astrochemistry Clark, Mamie 1914–2005 Psychologist Conducted 1940s experiments using dolls to study children's attitudes about race Clark, Kenneth 1917–1983 Psychologist First Black president of the American Psychological Association [53] Crosthwait, David, Jr. 1898–1976 Research engineer Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning; received some 40 US patents relating to HVAC systems Curtis, James H (Nick) 1935- Researcher, chemist (electronics/specialty chemicals) Organic ionogen for aluminum electrolytic capacitors, cationic dialdehyde polysaccharides for wet strength paper and others, US Patent Office US Pat #3609467 US Pat #3547423 and others Dabiri, John 1980– Biophysicist Expert on jellyfish hydrodynamics and designer of a vertical-axis wind farm adapted from schooling fish Daly, Marie Maynard 1921–2003 Chemist First black American woman with a Ph.D. in chemistry Dean, Mark 1957– Computer scientist Led the team that developed the ISA bus, and led the design team responsible for creating the first one-gigahertz computer processor chip [54][55][56] Drew, Charles 1904–1950 Medical researcher Developed improved techniques for blood storage Du Chaillu, Paul 1831–1903 Zoologist Explorer Anthropologist Explorer; first modern European outsider to confirm the existence of gorillas, and later the Pygmy people of central Africa; identified as white throughout life, but his mother was a Réunionnais mulatto; settled in America and considered it his country by adoption; the full aspects of his ancestry were not uncovered until 1979, and are still little known today Easley, Annie 1933–2011[57] Computer scientist Work at the Lewis Research Center of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and its predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics [58][59] Ellis, Clarence "Skip" 1943– Computer scientist First African American with a Ph.D in computer science; software inventor including OfficeTalk at Xerox PARC [60][61] Ezerioha, Bisi 1972– Automotive engineer Drag racing engineer and driver Ferguson, Lloyd Noel 1918–2011 Chemist, educator Chemistry doctorate, first received (1943, University of California, Berkeley) [62][63][64] Fryer, Roland G., Jr. 1977– Economist, social scientist, statistician Inequality studies Gates, Sylvester James 1950– Theoretical physicist Work on supersymmetry, supergravity, and superstring theory [65][66] Goode, Sarah E. 1855–1905 Inventor Cabinet bed invention; first African-American woman to receive a patent in the United States [67][68] Gilbert, Juan E. 1969– Computer scientist Awarded the first Presidential Endowed Chair at Clemson University in honor of his accomplishments Grant, George F. 1846–1910 Dentist, Professor The first African-American professor at Harvard, Boston dentist, and inventor of a wooden golf tee. [69] Graves, Joseph L. 1955– Evolutionary biologist [70][71][72] Greenaugh, Kevin 1956– Nuclear engineer [73] Griffin, Bessie Blount 1914–2009 Physical therapist, inventor Amputee self-feeding device [74][75] Hall, Lloyd 1894–1971 Chemist Harris, James A. 1932–2000 Co-discovered Rutherfordium (element 104) and Dubnium (element 105) at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory [76] Hawkins, Walter Lincoln 1911–1992 Scientist Inventor at Bell Laboratories [77] Hodge, John E. 1914–1996 Chemist Holley, Kerrie 1954– Research computer scientist at IBM Co-creator of Service-Oriented Modeling and Architecture, SOMA and the Service Integration Maturity Model (SIMM) Jackson, Mary 1921–2005 Mathematician, Aerospace engineer NASA's first black female engineer Jarvis, Erich 19xx– Neurobiologist Duke University neuroscience bird songs studies [78][79][80] Johnson, Isaac 18xx– ? Inventor Held patent for improvements to the bicycle frame, specifically so it could be taken apart for compact storage [81] Johnson, Lonnie 1949– Mechanical engineer, nuclear engineer, inventor Invented Super Soaker while researching thermal energy transfer engines; worked with NASA; holder of over 80 patents [4][82][83][84] Isola, Oluwabusuyi 1965– Professor, International Finance, inventor Invented Double Sided Guitar Johnson, Katherine 1918- Physicist, Mathematician Made contributions to the United States' aeronautics and space programs with the early application of digital electronic computers at NASA. Jones, Frederick McKinley 1893–1961 Inventor Invented refrigerated truck systems [85] Julian, Percy 1899–1975 Chemist First to synthesize the natural product physostigmine; earned 130 chemical patents; lauded for humanitarian achievements [86][87][88][89] Just, Ernest 1883–1941 Woods Hole Marine Biology Institute biologist Provided basic and initial descriptions of the structure–function–property relationship of the plasma membrane of biological cells [90][91][92] Kittles, Rick 1967– Geneticist Work in tracing the ancestry of African Americans via DNA testing [93][94] Kountz, Samuel L. 1930–1981 Transplant surgeon, researcher Organ transplantation pioneer, particularly renal transplant research and surgery; author or co-author of 172 articles in scientific publications [95][96][97][98] Latimer, Lewis 1848–1928 Inventor, draftsman, expert witness Worked as a draftsman for both Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison; became a member of Edison's Pioneers and served as an expert witness in many light bulb litigation lawsuits; said to have invented the water closet [99][100][101][102] Lawson, Jerry 1940–2011 Computer engineer Designer of Fairchild Channel F, the first programmable ROM cartridge-based video game console [103][104] Lee, Raphael Carl 1949– Surgeon, biomedical engineer[citation needed] Paul and Aileen Russell Professor, Pritzker School of Medicine; MacArthur Fellow, Searle Scholar, founder and Chairman, Avocet Polymer Technologies, Inc.; founder and Chairman, Renacyte BioMolecular Technologies, Inc; discovered use of surfactant copolymers as molecular chaperones to augment endogenous injury repair mechanisms of living cells; holder of many patents covering scar treatment therapies, tissue engineered ligaments, brain trauma therapies, and protective garments[citation needed] [citation needed] Lynk, Beebe Steven 1872–1948 Chemist Teacher at West Tennessee University Mahoney, Mary 1845–1926 Nurse First African American to study and work as a professionally trained nurse in the United States[105] Matzeliger, Jan 1852–1889 Inventor Shoe assembly Machine [106][107] McBay, Henry 1914–1995 Chemist His discoveries allowed chemists around the world to create inexpensive peroxide compounds [108][109] McCoy, Elijah 1844–1929 Inventor Invented a version of the automatic lubricator for steam engines, McCoy learned a great deal of his skills from a mechanical apprenticeship when he was age fifteen . [110][111] McLurkin, James 1972– Roboticist [112] McWhorter, John 1965– Linguist Specializes in the study of creole language formation Montgomery, Benjamin 1819–1877 Inventor Designed a steam operated propeller to provide propulsion to boats in shallow water Moore, Willie Hobbs 1934–1994 Physicist First African American woman to earn a Ph.D. in Physics (University of Michigan Ann Arbor 1972) on vibrational analysis of secondary chlorides [113] Mensah, Thomas 1950- Inventor Nmezi, Murphy 1955– Physician/biostatistician Advances in path analysis and structural equation modeling Nriagu, Jerome 1944– Geochemist Studies toxic metals in the environment; supporter of the lead poisoning thesis of the decline of the Roman Empire Ogbu, John Uzo 1939–2003 Anthropologist Ethnic studies in education and economics [114][115] Olukotun, Kunle 19xx– Computer scientist Early advocate and researcher of multi-core processors Oyekan, Soni 1946– Chemical engineer Inventions in oil refining Poindexter, Hildrus 1901–1987 Bacteriologist, epidemiologist Work on the epidemiology of tropical diseases, including malaria Petters, Arlie 1964– Physicist Work on the mathematical physics of gravitational lensing Quarterman, Lloyd Albert 1918–1982 Scientist, fluoride chemist Manhattan Project, worked with Albert Einstein and Enrico Fermi Renfroe, Earl 1907–2000 Orthodontist [116][117] Rillieux, Norbert 1806–1894 Engineer, inventor Inventor of the multiple-effect evaporator [118] Robinson, Larry 1957– Environmental chemist Investigated possible role of arsenic in the death of Zachary Taylor; interim president of Florida A&M;University Russell, Jesse 1948– Engineer, inventor Wireless communications engineer Sammons, Walter 1890–1973 Inventor Patent for hot comb [119] Sowell, Thomas 1930– Economist, social scientist Economist, social theorist and political philosopher [120][121][122][123] Steele, Claude 1946– Psychologist, social scientist Stereotype threat studies Stiff, Lee 1941– Mathematician President of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics from 2000 to 2002 [124] Snyder, Window 1976– Computer engineer Security engineer at Microsoft, Mozilla, and Apple Temple, Lewis 1800–1854 Inventor, blacksmith, abolitionist Inventor of the toggling whaling harpoon head [125] Thomas, Vivien 1910–1985 Surgical technician Blue baby syndrome treatment in the 1940s [126][127][128] Turner, Charles Henry 1867–1923 Zoologist First person to prove that insects can hear and can distinguish pitch, that cockroaches can learn by trial and error, and that honeybees can see color; first African-American to receive a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago [129] Tyree, G. Bernadette 19xx– Biochemist[citation needed] Program Director, Division of Musculoskeletal Diseases, at National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health [130] Tyson, Neil deGrasse 1958– Astronomer Researcher and popular educator in astronomy and the sciences [131][132][133] Vaughan, Dorothy 1910-2008 Mathematician Worked for NACA and NASA at Langley Research Center Walker, Arthur B. C., Jr. 1936–2001 Astronomer Developed normal incidence multilayer XUV telescopes to photograph the solar corona [134][135][136] Walker, C. J. 1867–1919 Inventor[citation needed] Created black cosmetic products Washington, Warren M. 1936– Atmospheric scientist Former chair of the National Science Board [137][138][139][140] West, James E. 1931– Acoustician, inventor Co-developed the foil electret microphone [141][142][143] Wilkins, J. Ernest, Jr. 1923–2011 Mathematician, engineer, nuclear scientist Entered University of Chicago at age 13; Ph.D at 19; worked on the Manhattan Project; wrote over 100 scientific papers; helped recruit minorities into the sciences [144][145][146] Williams, Daniel 1856–1931 Surgeon The first black person on record to have successfully performed pericardium (the sac surrounding the heart) surgery to repair a wound. [147][better source needed] Williams, Scott W. 1943– Mathematician Williams, Walter E. 1936– Economist, social scientist [148][149][150] Woods, Granville 1856–1910 Inventor Invented the synchronous multiplex railway telegraph [151] Wright, Jane C. 1919–2013 Cancer research and surgeon Noted for her contributions to chemotherapy and for pioneering the use of the drug methotrexate to treat breast cancer and skin cancer Wright, Louis T. 1891–1952 Surgeon Led team that first used Aureomycin as a treatment on humans [152][153][154] Young, Roger Arliner 1899–1964 Zoologist First African-American woman to receive a doctorate degree in zoology Side: Against the motion
A very impressive list. Where would we be without folding beds, wooden golf tees, double sided guitars, and advanced horseshoes? All you have done is publish a list of accomplished Bongos who have done well, indeed extremely well, within the education system of a politically stable and free society. These outstanding scholars were successful at advancing the performance of existing technologies of white geniuses and have been an asset to the society in which they live. To repeat, an impressive list, but not a catalogue of innovation and discoveries which have, or will have any impact on the progress and betterment of mankind. Side: For the motion
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They score badly in testing whether it’s genetic or not how could one say as how would you test for it ? CHRISTOPHER JENCKS MEREDITH PHILLIPS The Black-White Test Score Gap: An Introduction AFRICAN AMERICANS currently score lower than European Americans on vocabulary, reading, and mathematics tests, as well as on tests that claim to measure scholastic aptitude and intelligence. This gap appears before children enter kindergarten (figure 1-1), and it persists into adulthood. It has narrowed since 1970, but the typical American black still scores below 75 percent of American whites on most standardized tests. On some tests the typical American black scores below more than 85 percent of whites? The black-white test score gap does not appear to be an inevitable fact of nature. It is true that the gap shrinks only a little when black and white children attend the same schools. It is also true that the gap shrinks only a little when black and white families have the same amount of schooling, the same income, and the same wealth. But despite endless speculation, no one has found genetic evidence indicating that blacks have less innate intellectual ability than whites. Thus while it is clear that eliminating the test score gap would require enormous effort by both blacks and whites and would probably take more than one generation, we believe it can be done. Side: Against the motion
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Side: Against the motion
The reason that black Americans have on average a lower IQ than white Americans can be adequately explained by three socioeconomic factors: poverty, single parenthood and culture. As such, I would need to see convincing academic evidence that the cause of the difference is biological. Side: Against the motion
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When you see the Black community voting lock step for the Democrat party every single year for decades says alot about their intellect when it comes to politics. They obviously lack the pride of not expecting others to support you. They vote for the Democrat party about 95% of the time because they want the free social programs supporting them. Other minorities coming to this nation do quite well supporting themselves. This however does not prove Black people are less intelligent than white people. It does say they lack the hard work ethics and pride to support themselves without Government help. When Black people start voting for politicians who are not trying to buy their votes, we will then see some improvement in their politics and work ethics. Side: Against the motion
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Highly educated blacks fair fine. 8% of billionaires are black. If African Americans have anything going against them, I'd say that it might be that the schools in inner cities are a step behind in education quality. But blacks who find access to good secondary schooling do fine overall. Side: Against the motion
What is a colour? Are we really while, black, brown, yellow, pink...? I think this topic shouldn't even been brought up since only stupidity may see one race better than the other. We are not predetermined to be more or less intellingent than someone having a different skin colour. Side: Against the motion
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@The0bserver ...no one is saying blacks are less intelligent because their skin is a certain color, this debate is about the average IQ gap between whites and blacks and whether it is due to primarily socio-economic reasons or due to genetics. This is a very difficult topic to broach for rather obvious reasons, and given the current climate, is essentially social-suicide to suggest that one has some level of interest in it (even out of Scientific curiosity). I went to the World Science Festival in New York City a few years ago and one of the speakers (for one of the events) was Nicholas Wade, author of "A Troublesome Inheritance: Genes, Race, and Human History". Here is a description of his book: "Drawing on startling new evidence from the human genome, an explosive new account of the genetic basis of race and its role in the human story Fewer ideas have been more toxic or harmful than the idea of the biological reality of race, and with it the idea that humans of different races are biologically different from one another. For this understandable reason, the idea has been banished from polite academic conversation. Arguing that race is more than just a social construct can get a scholar run out of town, or at least off campus, on a rail. Human evolution, the consensus view insists, ended in prehistory. Inconveniently, as Nicholas Wade argues in A Troublesome Inheritance, the consensus view cannot be right. And in fact, we know that populations have changed in the past few thousand years—to be lactose tolerant, for example, and to survive at high altitudes. Race is not a bright-line distinction; by definition it means that the more human populations are kept apart, the more they evolve their own distinct traits under the selective pressure known as Darwinian evolution. For many thousands of years, most human populations stayed where they were and grew distinct, not just in outward appearance but in deeper senses as well. Wade, the longtime journalist covering genetic advances for The New York Times, draws widely on the work of scientists who have made crucial breakthroughs in establishing the reality of recent human evolution. The most provocative claims in this book involve the genetic basis of human social habits. What we might call middle-class social traits—thrift, docility, nonviolence—have been slowly but surely inculcated genetically within agrarian societies, Wade argues. These values” obviously had a strong cultural component, but Wade points to evidence that agrarian societies evolved away from hunter-gatherer societies in some crucial respects. Also controversial are his findings regarding the genetic basis of traits we associate with intelligence, such as literacy and numeracy, in certain ethnic populations, including the Chinese and Ashkenazi Jews. Wade believes deeply in the fundamental equality of all human peoples. He also believes that science is best served by pursuing the truth without fear, and if his mission to arrive at a coherent summa of what the new genetic science does and does not tell us about race and human history leads straight into a minefield, then so be it. This will not be the last word on the subject, but it will begin a powerful and overdue conversation." -goodreads.com ( https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/ The book is essentially the Popular Science level introduction of the kind of material explored in "The Bell Curve" by Douglas Murray's book (which is much more technical/rigorous). Let me tell you, the audience ripped him apart and some people attempted to make it more difficult for him to speak--it was essentially a soft version of a typical SJW intervention. The author has been under rather extreme attacks for his work, as has Murray (i.e. it has been social/career-suicide in many ways). Now, regardless of whether the work is Scientifically valid or not, all areas of investigation should be open without arbitrary social limitations (this is one of the huge problems with Left-Wing PC culture). Also, there are major popular misconceptions about what this actually would mean (if it were true). Note, also, the charge of White Supremacy to Murray's work is intriguing considering he concluded that Asians are more intelligent (i.e. higher IQ) than Whites (on average) as one example. Side: For the motion
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