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Yes a United State can be set showing a right for the unborn to live.
First is Genetic human cloning, then artificial womb children, test tube babies, advanced A.I robots, finally children who are conceived by parents.
Understand something clearly abortion by its admission of guilt in a crime set a poor practice loose in a United State of Constitution. It is hard to make any arguments here without setting a proper use of the word abortion in the context to what it describes.
What we do know as fact it is not the intention of humanity to place a limit on birth by use of womb for all people as a single right, as medical and scientific precedent has already been made to make that impossible while the argument struggles with issues of independence. There is more than one group of people who are united as a single group by this question in Constitutional principle.
I am not prepared to make arguments on this level of principle in a basic fashion and from the looks of the comments so far there is a great deal of representation missing.
Keep in mind posterity is placed in writing within Preamble of the United States Constitution. This means the first order of a United State of woman should be, must be, removed themselves from any Admission of guilt of crime, or accusation of crime before representation before the United States Constitution, so she too can obtain constitutional right as creator, then partner in creation of this described posterity.
This process of description sets a legal fact all woman are created equal according to the law in this way so it might be witness to young and old alike.
I say we should favor laws that make it easier to choose life, starting with adoption reform, healthcare, education, women being allowed to have their tubes removed or use birth control, adoption rights for rape and domestic violence victims. Forcing rape and dv survivors to "choose" abortion or coparenting is choice my lilly white ass. JMO.
Water can be in the form of three states: Liquid, Gas and Solid. Regardless of what state it’s in, it’s always water.
A human being also has states, although it states are developmental: Conception, Embryo or Fetus, Developing Fetus, then finally a baby human being. In all states of development, the living being is human. Just because a human’s state of development is a fetus and dependent upon its mother, doesn’t cheapen a human being’s value and right to exist.
Both man and woman are responsible for their actions coming together intimately and propagating a new human being.
Yes they are. You are genetically the same now as you were as a zygote. Did your mother have the right to abort you? Grow some balls and say not to murder.
You can sugar coat it however you want. The ONLY case in which I could even possibly agree with abortion is for a rape victim. It is the womans and her partners responsibility to make sure some form of contraceptive is used to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Denying the fact that what grows in a woman is a living being deserving of life simply because its convenient and removes responsibility is complete bull. The arrogance one must have to decide when a life is a life and when a life matters, when it has value and when it does not is incredible. The problem with people who don't believe in God or don't at least agree with the values of the bible is they will make any excuse to make any act acceptable. So sleep soundly knowing that planned parenthood is removing all those life sucking deadly "parasites" from all those women and thank your mother for not having you removed because you were inconvenient.
I only support abortion if the mother has severe medical problems or the mother is like ten yesars old. I am the product of an abusive marriage and I have the right to live.
The difference between an unborn non-person and the sleeping non-person, is that our self-concept cannot find a self-motivated stake in protecting the unborn. None of us is ever going to become unborn again, but we generally do wake up. This creates a self-motivated impetus to disfavor permissivism towards harming/killing the sleeping non-person as the self desires security to be reconstituted when the body awakens. The practice of protecting a sleeping non-person is still very much contingent upon self concept and its connection to personhood in this case, but in a way that cannot apply to the unborn.
Your response presupposes you answered the question. Since when is self concept a requisite for personhood? My response will presuppose that it isn’t.
The difference between an unborn non-person and the sleeping non-person, is that our self-concept cannot find a self-motivated stake in protecting the unborn.
First, sleeping people are people.
Second, self concepts aren’t motivated. They don’t find motivation. Self concept is a product of mind. It is the mind that finds motivations, including motivations to protect the unborn.
None of us is ever going to become unborn again, but we generally do wake up.
Just as the sleeping tend to wake up, the unborn tend not to stay that way.
This creates a self-motivated impetus to disfavor permissivism towards harming/killing the sleeping non-person as the self desires security to be reconstituted when the body awakens.
It is the fact that we were all once unborn, coupled with natural drive to continue the species which causes the recognition of personhood, by many, in the unborn. This recognition manifests as disfavor for permissivism toward harming/killing unborn people. Reciprocal threat of harm is not necessary for this disfavor to persist as it is much the same with very young people, regardless of their state of wakefulness.
The practice of protecting a sleeping non-person is still very much contingent upon self concept and its connection to personhood in this case, but in a way that cannot apply to the unborn.
We refrain from harming sleeping people for much the same reasons that we refrain from harming awakened people. Not only because we will eventually sleep and awaken again and wish ourselves protected, but because conferring personhood onto another carries with it a moral duty granting a level of respect and dignity. We grant this to small children even though they are not able to reciprocate restraint from harm.
Ones Self concept is not, and never has been a requisite for their personhood
Your response presupposes you answered the question. Since when is self concept a requisite for personhood? My response will presuppose that it isn’t.
The framing of the question wasn't coherent to me, so I took it as a rhetorical device setting up your more particular observation. I'm still not entirely sure what you mean by "since when", but I take you to perhaps mean "why"?
The idea that self concept is requisite for personhood is hardly as unusual as you seem to suggest it is. Multiple definitions of person(hood) define that concept ins terms of the self, and the self is regularly defined as an individual as the object of their own reflective consciousness. This contingency of personhood on self is also evident in various legal and social practices, such as the treatment of brain dead patients, so it's not unheard of in practice either.
That this premise is warranted conceptually and practicably, however, is likely not sufficient proof to the unpersuaded since not all definitions necessarily associate the two ideas together in this fashion and not all people agree with the practices this view currently justifies. So I'll elaborate:
'Person' is a purely abstract conception which we project onto an observed, material reality; there is no objectively extant 'person'. It requires conscious reflection to conceive of and apply 'person', which is not an act which a non-conscious entity can engage in. The concept of 'person' exists to call out a collection of entities based on some real or supposed mutual attribute(s). The function of this classification is to orient the ascribing consciousness and its behaviors in relation to its environment, including other consciousness. For a consciousness to find itself in the classification of 'person', it must be self-aware consciousness (i.e. it has self-concept).
While such a self-conceiving consciousness might ascribe 'person' to a non-self-conceiving entity, it is unclear why it would do so. Even were this to occur however, this ascription is projected onto another entity without actually being an attribute of that identity. At no point does this second entity exhibit personhood by orienting itself to its environment through the concept. Only an self-ascription is a sound one; all else is projection which fails to adhere in the object.
First, sleeping people are people.
This is purely tautological. Sleeping humans are people is not nearly as evident an observation. I return your question to you, then, why is it the case that a sleeping human is a person?
Second, self concepts aren’t motivated. They don’t find motivation. Self concept is a product of mind. It is the mind that finds motivations, including motivations to protect the unborn.
By definition the mind is self-reflective consciousness, so you're attempting to draw a distinction which is unsound (and unintentionally rather conceding the point that the self concept is motivated).
Just as the sleeping tend to wake up, the unborn tend not to stay that way.
This does not get at my distinction in the least. While the unborn tend to grow up, I will never be unborn again though it is very likely I will sleep and wake up again many times before I die. The difference is not in the mere potential for a change in condition, but in the possibility of that change in condition applying to the perceiver who conceives of and applies personhood outwards.
It is the fact that we were all once unborn, coupled with natural drive to continue the species which causes the recognition of personhood, by many, in the unborn. This recognition manifests as disfavor for permissivism toward harming/killing unborn people. Reciprocal threat of harm is not necessary for this disfavor to persist as it is much the same with very young people, regardless of their state of wakefulness.
Natural selection motivates a protective instinct towards the unborn and offspring, but has always been conditioned by the practical consequences of attempting to have and raise offspring which the parents cannot support while still ensuring their own survival to reproduce later. Evolution is the very reason that abortion is and always has been a social practice among humans, so appealing there won't work.
The most common reason people are actually opposed to abortion is religious, owing to narratives which assert the sanctity of life. These narratives are motivated by many variables all of which have very little to do either with a serious consideration of self/personhood or reproduction itself (e.g. more children born and raised in the faith strengthens its domain, sanctity of life makes believers feel valued themselves in a meaningless and valueless universe, etc).
We refrain from harming sleeping people for much the same reasons that we refrain from harming awakened people. Not only because we will eventually sleep and awaken again and wish ourselves protected, but because conferring personhood onto another carries with it a moral duty granting a level of respect and dignity. We grant this to small children even though they are not able to reciprocate restraint from harm.
It is not necessary to regard a sleeping human as a person in order to confer protection on them, but it is necessary to do so with other self-conscious humans (including small children) if we wish to identify ourselves as persons too. This makes the one an act of preference and the other of necessity, which further differentiates what you would like to regard as interchangeable scenarios.
It is also conceivable that one could hold false beliefs about what a person is, and operate upon them. So the mere act of regarding any entity as a person does not necessarily entail that they are one. What your explanation does not do is get behind these beliefs and assess their validity.
Ones Self concept is not, and never has been a requisite for their personhood
The basis for this extreme claim is what, exactly?
The idea that self concept is requisite for personhood is hardly as unusual as you seem to suggest it is. Multiple definitions of person(hood) define that concept ins terms of the self, and the self is regularly defined as an individual as the object of their own reflective consciousness.
Of all the multiple definitions you suppose there are, I have found few. All current definitions, including legal definitions do not rely on self-awareness as a prerequisite, likely due to it being an unnecessary though common attribute of personhood. What I have found aren’t definitions so much as philosophical discussions on the matter, not unlike your own. Such discussions as I have found do not suppose that a person is self conscious, but rather that a person is capable of self consciousness. This “potential” aspect of such philosophical positions do not lend to the error of finding sleeping persons to not be persons, although human.
This contingency of personhood on self is also evident in various legal and social practices, such as the treatment of brain dead patients, so it's not unheard of in practice either.
U.S. Code Title 1, Chapter 1, § 8 defines states “the words “person”, “human being”, “child”, and “individual”, shall include every infant member of the species homo sapiens who is born alive at any stage of development.”
This legal definition is to clarify that infants have personhood and does not rely on self consciousness. The same section states
“Nothing in this section shall be construed to affirm, deny, expand, or contract any legal status or legal right applicable to any member of the species homo sapiens at any point prior to being “born alive” as defined in this section.”
It’s clear that their legal definition could easily be logically extended to unborn humans absent their added emphasis on “born alive” which was necessary enough to add another sub-section.
Other most common definitions from Oxford to Webster define a person as an individual human being. While defining self consciousness into personhood can be done for ones own purposes, as philosophers have in the past, it is commonly not done today. This is likely due to the shortcomings which would arise from such definitions with regards to infants, meditators, athletes, coma victims, actors etc. All of whom have possess personhood which is considered regardless of any decision to end any of their lives.
For a consciousness to find itself in the classification of 'person', it must be self-aware consciousness (i.e. it has self-concept).
This statement does not follow from any of the explanation given immediately preceding it. A consciousnesses need not find itself in the classification of ‘person’ in order for a reasonable person to find them in that classification.
While such a self-conceiving consciousness might ascribe 'person' to a non-self-conceiving entity, it is unclear why it would do so.
It is not so unclear. A reasonable person, observing an overwhelming abundance of common features among persons, will not discount the personhood of another for lacking one while retaining all others. Especially when the missing attribute in question was once lacking in all persons and will, from time to time, be lacking again. Indeed, life itself is not necessary for most to grant the dignity of personhood.
Even were this to occur however, this ascription is projected onto another entity without actually being an attribute of that identity.
You contradict yourself. “’Person' is a purely abstract conception which we project onto an observed, material reality; there is no objectively extant 'person’...The concept of 'person' exists to call out a collection of entities based on some real or supposed mutual attribute(s).
Arguing that self consciousness is actually an attribute of personhood and that therefore personhood is not an attribute of a particular human is like arguing for the objectively correct interpretation of any other string of sounds to which we ascribe meaning. What is actually the case, however, is that all current definitions of person neglect self consciousness as a necessary component. Furthermore, it has never been a necessary component save for within the interpretations of a few philosophers for the purposes of their own philosophies. As language is a social construct, common social use recorded by commonly accepted sources must hold primacy over any narrow or arcane interpretation unless such interpretations are used specifically for narrow or arcane purposes, such as ones own philosophy. The purpose of a popular debate website cannot be narrow or arcane, unless ones own philosophy is hoped to be compelling enough to change minds. Due in part to the states limitations of requiring self consciousness into the definition of person, your position is not compelling and popular definitions are maintained.
Only an self-ascription is a sound one; all else is projection which fails to adhere in the object.
This is no more true in most other cases than it is in this case. A thing need not ascribe attributes to itself in order for those attributes to actually be present. But that’s not what this discussion is about. It’s about the definition of ‘person’, whether a person can self-ascribe that definition or not. Your claim that a person must self ascribe personhood presupposes the legitimacy of your own personal definition, which I have shown is not commonly used.
I return your question to you, then, why is it the case that a sleeping human is a person?
Because everyone but you thinks so. Even if the thought never occurs consciously, everyone, including yourself, acts as though it is so. This fact is likely the reason current standard definitions support my position, as they record and standardize current products of our socially constructed language.
By definition the mind is self-reflective consciousness
No it isn’t. The definition of mind is:
the element or complex of elements in an individual that feels, perceives, thinks, wills, and especially reasons Keep your mind active as you grow older.
Or: the conscious mental events and capabilities in an organism.
Or: the organized conscious and unconscious adaptive mental activity of an organism.
Natural selection motivates a protective instinct towards the unborn and offspring, but has always been conditioned by the practical consequences of attempting to have and raise offspring which the parents cannot support while still ensuring their own survival to reproduce later.
This is true. It’s also unrelated to the personhood of infants and the unborn. The personhood of another does not preclude lethal action.
Evolution is the very reason that abortion is and always has been a social practice among humans, so appealing there won't work.
The killing of infants for the well being of the tribe is not new (abortion relatively is). But again, necessary infanticide is not an indication of the infants personhood, how the tribe and parents feel about it is.
The most common reason people are actually opposed to abortion is religious, owing to narratives which assert the sanctity of life.
Sure, but the moral intuition for the sanctity of human life predates religions, which merely seek to articulate and justify moral frameworks of the time.
These narratives are motivated by many variables all of which have very little to do either with a serious consideration of self/personhood or reproduction itself
I quite disagree. Such moral and philosophical considerations underly much of the religious narrative in many cultures.
It is not necessary to regard a sleeping human as a person in order to confer protection on them, but it is necessary to do so with other self-conscious humans (including small children) if we wish to identify ourselves as persons too.
Then it is necessary to regard a sleeping human as a person if we wish to be identified as persons while asleep. Indeed, everyone but you regards the sleeping as persons. Act against a sleeping person and see who the legal system agrees with.
Any reference to any one other person who denies personhood to the sleeping will damage this point. But the larger point concerning definitions will hold. Nonetheless, I challenge you to a reference.
It is also conceivable that one could hold false beliefs about what a person is, and operate upon them. So the mere act of regarding any entity as a person does not necessarily entail that they are one.
‘Gay’ used to mean happy. Now, most people use this word to denote homo-sexuality. If the vast majority of people use a word incorrectly, but in the same manner, then their use ceases to be incorrect. ‘Gay’ rarely means happy.
What your explanation does not do is get behind these beliefs and assess their validity.
Personhood has become a moral (hence legal) term. Maintaining the position that self consciousness is a requisite for personhood merely serves to maintain consistency with your overarching philosophy of nihilism, which we have debated elsewhere and will not agree on. Maintaining your definition in the service of your philosophy is fine, but it is not definitionally more correct than commonly held definitions. Due to the social nature of the construction of language, your definition is necessarily less correct.
Of all the multiple definitions you suppose there are, I have found few. [...] This “potential” aspect of such philosophical positions do not lend to the error of finding sleeping persons to not be persons, although human.
I suggested that 'person' is a purely abstract conception to suggest that my point was not that definitions categorically or even usually render personhood contingent upon a self, but merely that some include it as a possible definition (e.g. Merriam-Webster no5, American Heritage no3, GNU no3, Century no3). This was and remains against your repeated claim that the self has never been (regarded as) requisite for personhood. Definitions aside, I'm doubtful this is a purely original thought on my part (to the journals with me if it is, though!).
My mere attentions to this point of yours, though, has perhaps given more credence to that particular claim than intended. Really, we might as well set aside this portion of the debate in favor of the rest since I don't know that populism or novelty ultimately bear on the soundness of my position. Whether people do regard a thing one way does not necessarily mean it is reasonable to do so.
U.S. Code Title 1, Chapter 1 [...] which was necessary enough to add another sub-section.
I do not dispute that some legal definitions do not adopt your perspective here. My point was not even that any legal code explicitly endorses my own view (though I suspect somewhere, somewhen it might). Rather, I spoke to what various legal and social practices suggested.
Expressions towards the braindead, for instance, regularly treat the person as not existing anymore (notably this may be the case socially and legally even when there is still a chance for consciousness to remanifest, which disrupts the "potential" based position you mention). Without this implicit endorsement of consciousness to personhood, it's hard to see how such legal permissivism would manifest.
While defining self consciousness into personhood can be done for ones own purposes, as philosophers have in the past, it is commonly not done today. This is likely due to the shortcomings which would arise from such definitions with regards to infants, meditators, athletes, coma victims, actors etc. All of whom have possess personhood which is considered regardless of any decision to end any of their lives.
You implicitly suggest here that the definitions you endorse are not also for the purpose of those who hold them, which is an unsound skewing of the positions; what each of us is engaged in now is not fundamentally different in this respect, except that your approach (arguably) enjoys more popular favor which does not bear on its validity.
The "shortcomings" you mention are only such if you first presume your definition (or its like), which makes that an improbable cause for the (alleged) popular ascension of your view (i.e. in the absence of that view there would be no reason to prefer it over a definition like mine because the latter would not be unfavorable in its own light).
Moreover, if my analysis of the self-concepts investment in its own preservation holds (and I believe it does) then these "shortcomings" do not manifest on my view. A sufficient, alternate account exists to support our intuitions where we want them to be supported.
This statement does not follow from any of the explanation given immediately preceding it. A consciousnesses need not find itself in the classification of ‘person’ in order for a reasonable person to find them in that classification.
I am not arguing here that a consciousness must find itself in the classification of 'person' in order for a reasonable person to find them in that classification. Your interpretation here involves two observers: the original consciousness and a second observer of that consciousness who you claim might reasonably classify that original consciousness as a person. My point is that this second observer might only do so reasonably by first finding itself in the classification of 'person'. Otherwise, there is no motivation which would make the subsequent classification of that other consciousness as a 'person' a reasonable act.
"Even were this to occur however, this ascription is projected onto another entity without actually being an attribute of that identity." You contradict yourself. “'Person' is a purely abstract conception which we project onto an observed, material reality; there is no objectively extant 'person’...The concept of 'person' exists to call out a collection of entities based on some real or supposed mutual attribute(s).
I do not see an evident contradiction between these statements. The identity is that of the observed object and the projected concepts of the beholder are not resident in that object identity (and I use 'identity' here to refer rather more to a collection of identifiers). The projected concept of 'person' lacks a material reality, even if it is associated to an object on the basis of attributes which are real and innate to that object. There is no contradiction here because the attributes on their own cannot constitute 'person'; it requires the observer to associate the attributes to the concept the observer holds. Even when this concept is applied by the observer to their own self as reflective object, the concept remains a projection onto their extant material reality based upon a subjective association of its attributes.
Arguing that self consciousness is actually an attribute of personhood and that therefore personhood is not an attribute of a particular human is like arguing for the objectively correct interpretation of any other string of sounds to which we ascribe meaning.
You have confused my rebuttal of your semantic claim with my primary argument, which is not semantic (though it has semantic implications). My position concerns the metaphysics of the concept of personhood; in short, what is required for it to be an internally coherent concept to itself. My argument is that the concept of personhood lacks this internal coherence if it is not contingent upon a reflective consciousness (i.e. a self).
What is actually the case, however, is that all current definitions of person neglect self consciousness as a necessary component.Furthermore, it has never been a necessary component save for within the interpretations of a few philosophers for the purposes of their own philosophies.
I have addressed this elsewhere, I believe.
As language is a social construct, common social use recorded by commonly accepted sources must hold primacy over any narrow or arcane interpretation unless such interpretations are used specifically for narrow or arcane purposes, such as ones own philosophy. The purpose of a popular debate website cannot be narrow or arcane, unless ones own philosophy is hoped to be compelling enough to change minds. Due in part to the states limitations of requiring self consciousness into the definition of person, your position is not compelling and popular definitions are maintained.
Your are attempting to obviate your burden of proof for your own conception by repeated assertion of a resounding commonality which does not actually exist. Nor would such commonality automatically dictate that your conception must hold primacy over any less or uncommon explanation.
Firstly, that a word is commonly taken to signify one thing at a given time does not assure it any security or preference against it coming to signify something else by the introduction of alternative understandings; the lack of that primacy is precisely why language evolves, and if such primacy existed that evolution could not.
Secondly, when you discuss (allegedly) common conceptions of personhood what you are really calling out is the popular conception of the concept of personhood. This is significant because your analysis remains superficially centered on the beliefs about the concept, rather than on the actual substance of the concept which must necessarily constitute it for it to present coherently enough for there to be beliefs about it. This, too, is why my view need not be compelling to be logically defensible.
Nor would I suppose that my view must lack appeal to others, particularly when taken out of the immediate context of a heavily polarized issue. What the state may delimit on the concept of personhood is not necessarily fixed itself, nor does it necessarily determine the perceptions of those it attempts to apply itself over. Were I appealing to a more mediocre mind with the intent of persuading it to a particular practice, I would not use the same tact I use in a debate with you now.
Because everyone but you thinks so. Even if the thought never occurs consciously, everyone, including yourself, acts as though it is so. This fact is likely the reason current standard definitions support my position, as they record and standardize current products of our socially constructed language.
Argumentum ad populum. Not very compelling to a reasoned thinker I must say. Particular as it rests on an exaggerated and imprecise foundation.
No it isn’t. The definition of mind is: the element or complex of elements in an individual that feels, perceives, thinks, wills, and especially reasons Keep your mind active as you grow older. Or: the conscious mental events and capabilities in an organism. Or: the organized conscious and unconscious adaptive mental activity of an organism.
How, exactly, do you suppose perception to exist without conscious awareness reflecting upon the stimuli? Consciousness itself is the property of awareness, so including it in your argument about the mind not being self-reflective consciousness is rather self-defeating.
This is true. It’s also unrelated to the personhood of infants and the unborn. The personhood of another does not preclude lethal action. & The killing of infants for the well being of the tribe is not new (abortion relatively is). But again, necessary infanticide is not an indication of the infants personhood, how the tribe and parents feel about it is.
I was not drawing any extension from my observations here to my own argument. I was strictly countering your inaccurate presentation of evolution as a rather unilateral benefactor to your position, which you've now conceded it isn't which neutralizes that grounds for your position relative to mine.
Sure, but the moral intuition for the sanctity of human life predates religions, which merely seek to articulate and justify moral frameworks of the time.
I disagree. Religions are not just an attempt to articulate and justify salient moral intuitions; that's far too simple a take on something that's rather complex. Religious orders are invented and perpetuated with deliberate intention by some individuals to facilitate their influence and power over larger groups of people. The narratives religions manifest and their impact on popular beliefs and values derives first from the intuitions and intentions of a smaller group of individuals who can convince others to share their views. Often, this is not done by appealing to mutual values that are already held but rather by appealing to emotional fears and insecurities as a coercive instrument to enforce compliance and facilitate indoctrination (which ultimately produces mutual values). This is true of the larger contemporary world faiths which promulgate contemporary narratives about what life is and its alleged sanctity, largely to ensure their base continues to expand by way of high reproductive rates among their believers (it's actually shocking how blatant they can be about this, too).
I quite disagree. Such moral and philosophical considerations underly much of the religious narrative in many cultures.
Examples? The instances I am familiar with treat self, personhood, and reproduction as tertiary considerations to their more axiomatic assumptions. Which is to say, their treatment is generally superficial and heavily informed by presuppositions which preclude an open-minded consideration of these concepts in their own right.
Then it is necessary to regard a sleeping human as a person if we wish to be identified as persons while asleep. Indeed, everyone but you regards the sleeping as persons. Act against a sleeping person and see who the legal system agrees with. Any reference to any one other person who denies personhood to the sleeping will damage this point. But the larger point concerning definitions will hold. Nonetheless, I challenge you to a reference.
We have no need to be identified as a person when we do not exist as such (and it is literally impossible to wish that we should be whilst asleep). The security of our bodies which will likely constitute our consciousness later will be safeguarded by conscious persons' self-interest; like myself, they consent to the common practice of not killing the sleeping human not because they truly regard that sleeping human as a person but because they fear the consequences of a social order where the sleeping human is not granted certain protections normally reserved for people.
A single reference to any sleeping human as a non-person does not damage the safeguard on my view because the personhood of the sleeping human is completely inessential to the safeguard's function. Again, personhood is not the only possible or salient motivator in considerations like this.
‘Gay’ used to mean happy. Now, most people use this word to denote homo-sexuality. If the vast majority of people use a word incorrectly, but in the same manner, then their use ceases to be incorrect. ‘Gay’ rarely means happy.
This seriously undermines your own semantic argument, but doesn't undermine my argument which is metaphysical rather than semantic. The reason their beliefs would be false in this case is not for transient semantic reasons (as mine is on your view), but because of the requisite nature the concept must take to be internally coherent.
Personhood has become a moral (hence legal) term. Maintaining the position that self consciousness is a requisite for personhood merely serves to maintain consistency with your overarching philosophy of nihilism, which we have debated elsewhere and will not agree on. Maintaining your definition in the service of your philosophy is fine, but it is not definitionally more correct than commonly held definitions. Due to the social nature of the construction of language, your definition is necessarily less correct.
My position is at worst no more in service to my broader perspective than your position is to yours, so it's a rather pointless and rather obviously prejudiced point to keep hitting on. It's rather to your disadvantage to bring it up, even, since nihilism does not require any position to be held for the sake of its coherence and this cannot be said equally of that positive class of philosophies to which your own perspective hearkens.
As my argument is about the metaphysics producing the concept rather than the more superficial semantic beliefs about the concept, your semantic counter-argument has no traction there. Moreover, pursuing it has led you to the contradictory observations both that the common definition must have primacy and that the common definition may change over time. Your position has no innate primacy backing it, and therefore rests upon a weak argumentum ad populum.
Definitions aside, I'm doubtful this is a purely original thought on my part (to the journals with me if it is, though!).
It isn’t, and I should backpedal that position more explicitly. Philosophers have expressed similar views. But the matter hasn’t been of philosophical importance until relatively recently from what I gather.
My mere attentions to this point of yours, though, has perhaps given more credence to that particular claim than intended.
It’s often details that we differ on which spark lengthy philosophical debates.
Without this implicit endorsement of consciousness to personhood, it's hard to see how such legal permissivism would manifest.
The circumstances in which the government allows for the death of a comatose person do not seem to be near as permissive as the circumstances in which the government allows for the killing of other fully conscious and capable people. I’m not sure the moral implications of personhood provide a terribly significant barrier to government permissiveness in killing.
You implicitly suggest here that the definitions you endorse are not also for the purpose of those who hold them, which is an unsound skewing of the positions
Adopting popular definitions does not imply promotion of the implications of said definitions, while creating definitions to maintain philosophical internal consistency does imply such promotion.
except that your approach (arguably) enjoys more popular favor which does not bear on its validity
If the argument hinges of definition, which is socially constructed, then popular favor does bear on its validity. If personhood was closer to your way of thinking, then popular favor would create another term for the personhood I am referring to. Whatever the term, it is definitionally valid. Again, this ultimately comes down to our fundamental differences in metaphysical perspective, which makes you find nihilism reasonable and while I find the opposite. I expect we are both logically consistent from our opposing fundamentals.
in the absence of that view there would be no reason to prefer it over a definition like mine because the latter would not be unfavorable in its own light
But the my view is not absent. If the word were absent, the view would likely create one.
Moreover, if my analysis of the self-concepts investment in its own preservation holds (and I believe it does) then these "shortcomings" do not manifest on my view.
Theories based on self preservation as motive do hold a significant majority of the time, but not always. In situations concerning very very young humans, self preservation commonly fails to hold explaining power.
Your interpretation here involves two observers: the original consciousness and a second observer of that consciousness who you claim might reasonably classify that original consciousness as a person. My point is that this second observer might only do so reasonably by first finding itself in the classification of 'person'. Otherwise, there is no motivation which would make the subsequent classification of that other consciousness as a 'person' a reasonable act.
From what you said here and just before this, should I conclude that you only find acts of self preservation to be reasonable? If so, do you consider the maintaining of ones own desired mental tranquility to be an act of self preservation?
I do not see an evident contradiction between these statements. The identity is that of the observed object and the projected concepts of the beholder are not resident in that object identity (and I use 'identity' here to refer rather more to a collection of identifiers). The projected concept of 'person' lacks a material reality, even if it is associated to an object on the basis of attributes which are real and innate to that object. There is no contradiction here because the attributes on their own cannot constitute 'person'
The attributes constitute the concept. When a physical entity possesses said attributes, then the concept associated with said combination of attributes is also possessed by the entity. In other words, the attributes being resident in the object constitute the concept being resident as well. After all, attributes are little more than constituent concepts comprising the broader concept.
My argument is that the concept of personhood lacks this internal coherence if it is not contingent upon a reflective consciousness (i.e. a self).
You make it contingent upon consistent, actualized self-consciousness, which is what I have challenged. The human has actualized self-consciousness, though not consistently (they sleep). The fetus will have actualized self-consciousness, meaning theirs is potential, like most of their personalizing traits.
Your are attempting to obviate your burden of proof for your own conception
I’m merely defending my reliance on dictionary definitions when discussing the meaning of words.
Nor would such commonality automatically dictate that your conception must hold primacy over any less or uncommon explanation.
If communication is to be clear, one should avoid, for example, referring to an open homosexual as “gay” when trying to convey that they are “happy”. This is because the common conception of words does hold primacy over alternative conceptions unless said alternative is compelling enough to convince others in the conversation to adopt the less common conception. In the case of this discussion, the definition has moral uses, and the less common conception has apparent and commonly undesirable outcomes. These outcomes must be argued for before the less common use of “person” can be accepted.
In other words, you must convince me that the implications of regarding various humans as non-people are desirable, before you can convince me to adopt a less common conception of “person”.
This is as far as I got on my phone. You and I tend to argue details to such an extent that we begin to compose volumes in opposition. I apologize for not completing the rest, but if there is something I missed of specific relevance to the topic at hand, please redirect me to it.
Enough time has elapsed that I'm not sure how effectively I can respond...
I do think your observations about the (ir)relevance of personhood to governance was interesting, though. I'm curious why you suppose it would be relatively insignificant.
Also, to answer the question you posed... I do not think that self preservation is necessarily reasonable, though I do take it to be general a personal preference by consequence of evolutionary selection. I don't think that mental tranquility is necessary to self preservation, and I think the psychological phenomenon of (unhealthy) coping mechanisms attests to rather the converse.
I don't believe in potential, as I'm rather a hard determinist. I suspect this is again a fundamental point of divergence for us. So, for me the fetus has no potential; it either continues or terminates and that is all that could have occurred.
With respect to needing to show you that regarding various non-humans as people is useful in order for my position to be compelling... what points of utility should I appeal to for you?
Of course, this is all rather belated and a bit detached from the preceding exchange (apologies, I've not the time right now to re-familiarize myself)... so feel free to respond accordingly, and thanks for your response regardless.
P.S. I appreciate our voluminous exchanges. ;) Though they often peter out into stalemate when we get to those axiomatic beliefs, I find it a rewarding insight into a different perspective. A rare enough thing, that.
I do think your observations about the (ir)relevance of personhood to governance was interesting, though. I'm curious why you suppose it would be relatively insignificant.
People kill people. Government monopolizes the circumstances of legitimacy in killing people. We don’t pretend they aren’t people though. One justification for killing could be that the subject is not actually a person, but I don’t think it’s a justification the government often relies on.
I do not think that self preservation is necessarily reasonable, though I do take it to be general a personal preference by consequence of evolutionary selection.
How do you think about what is reasonable outside of the context of evolution?
With respect to needing to show you that regarding various non-humans as people is useful in order for my position to be compelling... what points of utility should I appeal to for you?
I’m not sure. Personhood is a moral concept. But we don’t have to “unperson” someone in order to take their life, nor do we need to “person” a pet in order to feel they should be treated kindly.
Though they often peter out into stalemate when we get to those axiomatic beliefs
It happens every time if we go far enough. What I found most interesting was a debate that ultimately concluded in a number of shared social preferences derived from completely opposite fundamental premises, differing mostly in semantics.
I find it a rewarding insight into a different perspective. A rare enough thing, that.
People kill people. Government monopolizes the circumstances of legitimacy in killing people. We don’t pretend they aren’t people though. One justification for killing could be that the subject is not actually a person, but I don’t think it’s a justification the government often relies on.
Ah, I see. I think there are cases where this is quite explicit, but I don't take it as necessary that the justification be made explicit so I won't belabor that point. I think that "they're not people" can and generally is implicit, and I take this to be the process usually referred to as dehumanization (or depersonification) which effectively strips them of personhood by denying attributes of personage in them and thereby the incumbent protections (without having to explicitly say they are not a person).
How do you think about what is reasonable outside of the context of evolution?
I don't. Reasonableness is an evolved attribute, but given how bad we generally are at it I'd say it has a pretty loose and complicated relationship to self-preservation.
I’m not sure. Personhood is a moral concept. But we don’t have to “unperson” someone in order to take their life, nor do we need to “person” a pet in order to feel they should be treated kindly.
I think we have different conceptions of person (and personhood) - shocker. ;) I think I've already gotten to this a bit with my first comments above, but basically I think that the ascription of person is often more implicit and complicated such that we can maintain the appearance of calling someone a person without really regarding them as such (and I take that regarding to be the more significant ascription).
It happens every time if we go far enough. What I found most interesting was a debate that ultimately concluded in a number of shared social preferences derived from completely opposite fundamental premises, differing mostly in semantics.
Likewise, particularly as it's more common (in my experience) for different premises to lead to different conclusions. I think the potential for oppositional premises to reach mutually agreeable conclusions is probably underexplored. [Interrupts inbound tangent.]
Just as the decision to abort is left to the proximate parties, so too would the decision to kill the comatose reside with the proximate parties. This is because the selves most closely associated to those parties are the most invested to and affected by the decision.
Just as the decision to abort is left to the proximate parties, so too would the decision to kill the comatose reside with the proximate parties. This is because the selves most closely associated to those parties are the most invested to and affected by the decision.
Genetically, the organism is a person. You are genetically the same now as you were at conception. If a woman does not want a baby ever, she can have her tubes removed. Otherwise, use birth control or don't have sex.
Genetically the organism is a homo sapien. Genetics is not intrinsic to personhood.
Not that it's relevant, then, but I am not genetically the same now as I was at conception (and neither are you). For your consideration: epigenetics and mutation.
Personhood doesn't automatically grant a right to life anyways (there are numerous account of justified killing of persons where their personhood isn't even under dispute).
Why should someone else inconvenience themselves for your preferences?
"genetics are not intrinsic to personhood." Yes they are. This proves unborn people are not part of their mother. Yes you do have the same dna now are you did at conception. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis can test the entire genetic code of the person before he or she implants to the mother. This is science, not religion, and it has the right to live? What are you afarid of finding out? That you are being lied to? You do matter, and you have rights whether you want them or not.
Yes you do have the same dna now are you did at conception.
This is entirely semantic. DNA is a self-replicating acid present in cells. You don't have the same DNA because your cells eventually die. Copies of your DNA arrive back when your cells are replaced.
In terms of legality? No. In terms of practicality? It is a balance between the right of the unborn child to live and the right of the mother to not have her life derailed because of either a stupid mistake or a result of rape.
First, legality: If you are pro life, you need to stop trying to ban abortions. You're not helping your cause. Abortion is a service that is subject to the laws of supply and demand just like any other service, that's just capitalism. One has to consider the consequences of pushing that service entirely into the illegal -and unregulated- spectrum. Think wire coat hangers. Think getting drunk and throwing yourself down the stairs. Think high school girls bleeding to death, infections, back-alley "doctors", and you pretty much have a clear picture of the pre Roe V. Wade days. For as much as abortion sucks, it's at least safe to the mother in the present day.
What you need to be doing instead is to get on ground level and talk to women who have had and are considering abortions, if you want to actually help your cause (it also doesn't help to wave signs and tell them that they're going to hell). You won't win every case, but it's better than having them find shady alternatives.
You are one sad human being to be so callous about an innocent viable human life. The Democrat Party and people like you support No Restriction abortions.
I have absolutely zero respect for selfish inhuman people who are so ambivalent to an innocent human life.
I have absolutely zero respect for selfish inhuman people who are so ambivalent to an innocent human life.
Oh shut up you unbalanced, hypocritical little prick. Tell us all how you feel about giving social security to the poor and malnourished, you silly cunt.
LOL, what a waste of time you are. You do what every deceptive Liberal does and spew absolute deception and distortion to what Conservatives stand for. Conservatives care for all people no matter their age or location.
To pretend that hypocrites like you care for the very children that you support killing makes you a total fool!
“If you are among the many Americans — of whatever sexual orientation — who favor expanding same-sex marriage, by all means celebrate today’s decision,” Chief Justice Roberts wrote. “Celebrate the achievement of a desired goal. Celebrate the opportunity for a new expression of commitment to a partner. Celebrate the availability of new benefits. But do not celebrate the Constitution. It had nothing to do with it.”
So what does your confused mind tell us ????????????
I disagree with From on social programs sometimes, but it is his right to vote however he wants. Go on, you liberal fucker, tell me how you oppose rape culture and sexism while calling me someone who ALLEGEDLY lied about being raped. I was RAPED, so you are the hypocrit.
Go on, you liberal fucker, tell me how you oppose rape culture and sexism while calling me someone who ALLEGEDLY lied about being raped.
That isn't how burden of proof works. You are required to substantiate your claims in debates, and you appear to be making an appeal to emotion to support what would otherwise be an extremely weak argument. I am prepared to progress the debate under the parameters of accepting you were raped. All you need to do is post a screenshot of the police report.
Or, let me guess... There's a reason why you can't post this simple proof. Right? Maybe your "medical team" didn't bother filing out a rape report, amirite?
That isn't how burden of proof works. You are required to substantiate your claims in debates, and you appear to be making an appeal to emotion to support what would otherwise be an extremely weak argument.
If rights are something to be given to people being able to vote then the question arises if the children should have the right to live or not. Because a child or an infant also can not vote and cannot complete duties. But if their right to live is injustified then child murder will not be a crime. An infants capability to vote is not be any different than an unborn's.
Hypocrites like you parade Special Need's children around track fields during Special Olympics, and support testing for these viable Special Need's babies and killing them.
I have no idea what you're referring to here. Would you be happy to have a society of majority down's syndrome kids? We do need to think of well-being of most of the future generation when permitting one to live.
When you take your kids to the Mall, do you cover their eyes when you walk past a Down Syndrome child?
People like you and the Democrat Party support testing for and KILLING these Special need's babies at any stage for any reason.
Live with who you are and what you support.
LOL, you are spewing absolute lunacy. There would never be a majority of Downs children because they are much more rare than children who are not Special Need's.
Is this the tolerant open minded inclusive compassionate Left that you love?
Hitler called himself a realist. He believed Jews were a lower form of human lives. Hitler wanted to rid his Germany of any lives who did not fit in his perfect blonde haired blue eyed utopia.
People like you and the Left wants to cleanse the world of people they deem lower them themselves.
Listen to what you have become in this sick selfish Progressives society. Convenience now supersede's a baby's life!
Hitler called himself many things. His society was very conservative if you analyse it. He was anti-gay, anti-certain-ethnicity and anti-burdens-on-society.
He was the epitome of what it is to be conservative and bastardised the name 'socialist' by calling himself one despite calling communists the enemy.
You are the ones who support killing Special Need's babies....FOOL!
Conservatives do not want to kill Gays! We would never support testing for being Gay and killing them if there were such a test (which there is not). We love all people. Fools like you think if we do not believe in gay marriage, that we hate them..FOOL!
People like you would be the first ones aborting a baby that was supposedly Gay.
But I don't understand? What is it that is 'right' about risking the future generation having disabled people in them? How is that a better thing morally if you could ensure that the vast majority were without detectable 'ailment'?
So tell us all who will play God and decide who is too Special to allow life. Where do we draw the line?
How do you think these Special Olympic children feel when they learn that we, as a supposed enlightened compassionate people, have tests for Down's Syndrome so that we might kill them if we choose. How special do you think these kids will feel after learning that?
Heya. You ROCK for disability rights. Eugenics and the Constitution can't coexist. We are going to be an abortion free nation, and don't you forget it. :) <3
But if we leave it to total randomness, what do we leave behind if a generation has people of varying diseases and mental defects? We screwed humanity over.
We leave behind a people who had compassion for the least of us. We leave behind a people who did not pick and choose who was deserving of life.
Why do Liberals want to play God, and allow the choice to kill on the basis of every person's definition of normal or on the basis of convenience..
Tell me, who decides how Special a Baby has to be before we kill them? Would there be an IQ test?
No the Democrat Party supports No Restriction abortions which means people can kill any baby at any stage for any reason.
The sanctity of life has nothing to do with if a baby has Special Need's. It has everything to do with selfish convenience.
I want you to look within yourself and what your politics support, and see your total intolerance and closed mindedness for diversity.
Yet you label the Right as being intolerant towards diversity. We support the right of life for all people, no matter if they have Special Need's, or if they are Gay or anything else.
We are the Party of true tolerance and compassion for the least of us.
If a man still prophesies, his parents, father and mother, shall say to him, “You shall not live, because you have spoken a lie in the name of the Lord.” When he prophesies, his parents, father and mother, shall thrust him through. (Zechariah 13:3 NAB)