this is a huge point in how Mongols were uncivilized, there were way too many people that shouldn't have died but they did because of them

Did Guyuk forcefully take over and want your submission or had they been acting rather peaceful by responding to your letter instead of taking action first?

Resident of Balkh Bukhara in 1220

The “ferocity and destructiveness” was noticeable just by looking at the archaeology of the city they ruined

Resident of Balkh Bukhara in 1220

A Moroccan traveller (Ibn Battuta) in 1333 reported that the town had not recovered and that “its mosques, colleges and bazaars are in ruins”

Resident of Balkh Bukhara in 1220

When the Mongols invaded, they had not only looted and slaughtered people but most of the city burned

The Mongols spread diseases and plagues during warfare; impacted trade routes because it was harder during an epidemic where diseases spread easily and people were wary of buying from travelers because of this

“Northern China lost 2⁄3 of their population to the Mongols.”​ This shows how much destruction the Mongols wrought.

“Destruction of Qanat Irrigation System”​ Destroyed something of important value needed to feed people and could have resulted in famine. Bad for trade.

“Built bridges, roads, and postal stations...Extended the Grand Canal in China.” Infrastructure increased and made trade easier.

Had organized government, laws, and punishments in place- ​Structured politics and gov. Law and Order make for safer travel and trading because of scams and theft.

“Built beautiful capitals” ​Public projects showing traits of civilization and it was for the people. Big cities encouraged trade and positively impacted exchange networks.