Should medication be used to treat mental illness?
Yes
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No
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As a psychiatrist, I'm going to say "yes". You need to differentiate between a "mental illness" and a "mental disorder". Most forms of mental illness are the result of malfunctions in the internal neurotransmitter or chemical messenger system of the brain. Depression, for example, is strongly correlated with a dramatic reduction in the amount of serotonin (a neurotransmitter chemical) being released from one neuron and being absorbed by its neighboring neurotransmitter. Now, there are several possible causes for this: 1. The pre-synaptic neuron may be unable to manufacture sufficient quantities of serotonin. The is easily treatable with medication. 2. The cell membrane of the neuron might be resisting the release of serotonin. Again, treatable with medication. 3. In the case of people who use recreational drugs like amphetamines, the pre-synaptic neuron can be leeched of all of its serotonin stock. Medication is usually not necessary in this situation because the stocks will replenish in several days. 4. An enzyme known as monoamine oxidase that functions to clean up any excess neurotransmitters in the synapse may be too efficient in some individuals. This would result in an inadequate concentration of serotonin being in the synapse for absorption at the post-synaptic neuron. This is treatable with a different class of medications. 5. Pre-synaptic neurons have to ability to recycle excess neurotransmitters released into the synapse. They do this by having a number of pumps located on the outside of the cell. The pumps act to reabsorb neurotransmitters, like serotonin. For some people, they might have too many of these pumps functioning. This results in a normal release of serotonin into the synapse; but the serotonin is then quickly reabsorbed before it has to opportunity to be picked up again at the post-synaptic terminal. We have medication that can easily treat this too. 6. One mechanism that we DO NOT have the ability to treat with medication is a lack of post-synaptic serotonin receptor sites. People who are resistant to all forms of anti-depressant drugs are often assumed to fall into this category. Given the first 5 physiological causes of depression, this type of mental illness absolutely should be treated with medication. However, psychological therapies have been shown to be extremely effective and a combination of medication and psychological therapies works best. This physiological explanation is true for almost all forms of mental illness and explains why medication is so essential in treatment. Mental disorders, on the other hand, do not necessarily require medications. Until mental illness, mental disorders seem to be fairly lifelong and are acquired by life experiences. In short, you "learn" to develop a mental disorder. In terms of treatment, you "learn" to adapt to the symptoms. Hence psychological therapies are absolutely better than medication for mental disorders. Side: Yes
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Modern medicine has actually not yet figured out a way to treat mental illness through medication, merely the symptoms of mental illness. ADD/ADHD for example, I dont really consider it a mental illness (I think it's the people who don't have it who are somehow mentally different to their advantage), however the stimulants used to treat ADD/ADHD are just that–stimulants. They do not curb one's hyperactivity (rather the opposite) or adress their attention deficiencies. People who are treated for psychosis are given mild sedatives which put them in a somewhat lucid state. I have actually been prescribed anti-psychotic drugs by my doctor for sleep. This is normally for the benefit of the family and convenience of the caretakers. Though it may alleviate any physical or agressive abnormalities, it does not effectively treat psychosis. These are just two examples I know, but how little we know about the causes of mental illness poorly equips pharmacists in their task of treating it. In the future, medication should ideally be able to fix the root cause of any neurological disorder, but currently it is used to prop us patients by hiding the apparent symptoms. Side: No
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